The article reviews the evolution of Israel’s science and technology R & D policy. This policy is not based on any written document or master plan dictated in advance, but was formed gradually, over decades, at various times and by different people, in the corridors of government and the Knesset, universities and industry, which together gelled into a system by which scientific research, technological, industrial R & D, training of engineers and scientists of all kinds is being carried out, and which brought the State of Israel to the forefront of scientific research and important technological achievements.